Nano Technology :: Nano Chips

Nano chips are electrical circuits the size of nanometers.
This is equivalent to 10-9 meters or a row of ten hydrogen atoms.
With circuits becoming smaller, the items they serve can become smaller, too. Smaller things will be able to perform more complex functions using less power and at a faster speed than ever before. Nano chips are organized into transistors, interconnections and architecture-all made on a nano scale.

How nano chips are made

One of the fundamental points of nano chips is known as Moore’s Law.

This law relates to the number of transistors that can be fabricated on a silicon integrated circuit is doubling every 18-24 months.

The more transistors that fit on a circuit, the faster the computer will be. This is why scientists are working so hard to produce nanocircuits that have millions and perhaps billions of transistors are able to fit on a chip.
Unfortunately, when the circuits are so tiny, they tend to have more problems than larger circuits, e.g., many different defects. Nanoscale chips are more sensitive to temperature changes, cosmic rays and electromagnetic interference than larger circuits. Phenomena like stray signals are more common on nano chips and there is a greater need to dissipate the heat from such closely packed nano devices.

Some believe that the cost of making nano chips will be greater than it will be worth to produce and the speed of computers will reach a maximum. For these and other reasons, many believe that Moore’s Law will not hold on forever and will eventually reach a peak.

The first part of their organization begins with the silicon-based transistors. Transistors control the flow of electricity and transform weak electrical signals to strong ones. They also control the electrical current as they can turn it on or off and even can amplify signals. Circuits use silicon as a transistor because it can easily be switched between conducting and nonconducting states.

In nanoelectronics, transistors might be organic molecules or can be nanoscale inorganic structures. Semiconductors, part transistors, are also being made of organic molecules in the nanostate.